Daily Tech Digest - July 22, 2023

All-In-One Data Fabrics Knocking on the Lakehouse Door

The fact IBM, HPE, and Microsoft made such similar data fabric and lakehouse announcements indicate there is strong market demand, Patel says. But it’s also partly a result of the evolution of data architecture and usage patterns, he says. “I think there are probably some large enterprises that decide, listen, I can’t do this anymore. You need to go and fix this. I need you to do this,” he says. “But there’s also some level of just where we’re going…We were always going to be in a position where governance and security and all of those types of things just become more and more important and more and more intertwined into what we do on a daily basis. So it doesn’t surprise me that some of these things are starting to evolve.” While some organizations still see value in choosing the best-of-breed products in every category that makes up the data fabric, many will gladly give up having the latest, greatest feature in one particular area in exchange for having a whole data fabric they can move into and be productive from day one.


Shift Left With DAST: Dynamic Testing in the CI/CD Pipeline

The integration of DAST in the early stages of development is crucial for several reasons. First, by conducting dynamic security testing from the onset, teams can identify vulnerabilities earlier, making them easier and less costly to fix. This proactive approach helps to prevent security issues from becoming ingrained in the code, which can lead to significant problems down the line. Second, early integration of DAST encourages a security-focused mindset from the beginning of the project, promoting a culture of security within the team. This cultural shift is crucial in today’s cybersecurity climate, where threats are increasingly sophisticated, and the stakes are higher than ever. DAST doesn’t replace other testing methods; rather, it complements them. By combining these methods, teams can achieve a more comprehensive view of their application’s security. In a shift left approach, this combination of testing methods can be very powerful. By conducting these tests early and often, teams can ensure that both the external and internal aspects of their application are secure. This layered approach to security testing can help to catch any vulnerabilities that might otherwise slip through the cracks.


First known open-source software attacks on banking sector could kickstart long-running trend

In the first attack detailed by Checkmarx, which occurred on 5 April and 7 April, a threat actor leveraged the NPM platform to upload packages that contained a preinstall script that executed its objective upon installation. To appear more credible, the attacker created a spoofed LinkedIn profile page of someone posing as an employee of the victim bank. Researchers originally thought this may have been linked to legitimate penetration testing services commissioned by the bank, but the bank revealed that to not be the case and that it was unaware of the LinkedIn activity. The attack itself was modeled on a multi-stage approach which began with running a script to identify the victim’s operating system – Windows, Linux, or macOS. Once identified, the script then decoded the relevant encrypted files in the NPM package which then downloaded a second-stage payload. Checkmarx said that the Linux-specific encrypted file was not flagged as malicious by online virus scanner VirusTotal, allowing the attacker to “maintain a covert presence on the Linux systems” and increase its chances of success.


From data warehouse to data fabric: the evolution of data architecture

By introducing domain‑oriented data ownership, domain teams become accountable for their data and products, improving data quality and governance. Traditional data lakes often encounter challenges related to scalability and performance when handling large volumes of data. However, data mesh architecture solves these scalability issues through its decentralized and self‑serve data infrastructure. With each domain having the autonomy to choose the technologies and tools that best suits their needs, data mesh allows teams to scale their data storage and processing systems independently. ... Data Fabric is an integrated data architecture that is adaptive, flexible, and secure. It is an architectural approach and technology framework that addresses data lake challenges by providing a unified and integrated view of data across various sources. Data Fabric allows faster and more efficient access to data by extracting the technological complexities involved in data integration, transformation, and movement so that anybody can use it.


What Is the Role of Software Architect in an Agile World?

It has become evident that there is a gap between the architecture team and those who interact with the application on a daily basis. Even in the context of the microservice architecture, failing to adhere to best practices can result in a tangled mess that may force a return to monolithic structures, as we have seen with Amazon Web Services. I believe that it is necessary to shift architecture left and provide architects with better tools to proactively identify architecture drift and technical debt buildup, injecting architectural considerations into the feature backlog. With few tools to understand the architecture or identify the architecture drift, the role of the architect has become a topic of extensive discussion. Should every developer be responsible for architecture? Most companies have an architect who sets standards, goals, and plans. However, this high-level role in a highly complex and very detailed software project will often become detached from the day-to-day reality of the development process. 


Rapid growth without the risk

The case for legacy modernization should today be clear: technical debt is like a black hole, sucking up an organization’s time and resources, preventing it from developing the capabilities needed to evolve and adapt to drive growth. But while legacy systems can limit and inhibit business growth, from large-scale disruption to subtle but long-term stagnation, changing them doesn’t have to be a painful process of “rip-and-replace.” In fact, rather than changing everything only to change nothing, an effective program enacts change in people, processes and technology incrementally. It focuses on those areas that will make the biggest impact and drive the most value, making change manageable in the short term yet substantial in its effect on an organization's future success and sustainable in the long term. In an era where executives often find themselves in FOMU (fear of messing up) mode, they would be wise to focus on those areas of legacy modernization that will make the biggest impact and drive the most value, making change manageable in the short term yet substantial in its effect on an organization’s future success.


Data Fabric: How to Architect Your Next-Generation Data Management

The data fabric encompasses a broader concept that goes beyond standalone solutions such as data virtualization. Rather, the architectural approach of a data fabric integrates multiple data management capabilities into a unified framework. The data fabric is an emerging data management architecture that provides a net that is cast to stitch together multiple heterogeneous data sources and types through automated data pipelines. ... For business teams, a data fabric empowers nontechnical users to easily discover, access, and share the data they need to perform everyday tasks. It also bridges the gap between data and business teams by including subject matter experts in the creation of data products. ... Implementing an efficient data fabric architecture is not accomplished with a single tool. Rather, it incorporates a variety of technology components such as data integration, data catalog, data curation, metadata analysis, and augmented data orchestration. Working together, these components deliver agile and consistent data integration capabilities across a variety of endpoints throughout hybrid and multicloud environments.


Data Lineage Tools: An Overview

Modern data lineage tools have evolved to meet the needs of organizations that handle large volumes of data. These tools provide a comprehensive view of the journey of data from its source to its destination, including all transformations and processing steps along the way. They enable organizations to trace data back to its origins, identify any changes made along the way, and ensure compliance with regulatory requirements. One key feature of modern lineage tools is their ability to automatically capture and track metadata across multiple systems and platforms. This capability removes the need for manual, time-consuming documentation. Another important aspect of modern data lineage tools is their integration with other technologies such as metadata management systems, Data Governance platforms, and business intelligence solutions. This enables organizations to create a unified view of their data landscape and make informed decisions based on accurate, up-to-date information.


The Impact of AI Data Lakes on Data Governance and Security

One of the primary concerns with AI data lakes is the potential for data silos to emerge. Data silos occur when data is stored in separate repositories or systems that are not connected or integrated with one another. This can lead to a lack of visibility and control over the data, making it difficult for organizations to enforce data governance policies and ensure data security. To mitigate this risk, organizations must implement robust data integration and management solutions that enable them to maintain a comprehensive view of their data landscape and ensure that data is consistently and accurately shared across systems. Another challenge associated with AI data lakes is the need to maintain data quality and integrity. As data is ingested into the data lake from various sources, it is essential to ensure that it is accurate, complete, and consistent. Poor data quality can lead to inaccurate insights and decision-making, as well as increased security risks. 


AppSec Consolidation for Developers: Why You Should Care

Complicated and messy AppSec programs are yielding a three-fold problem: unquantifiable or unknowable levels of risk for the organization, ineffective resource management and excessive complexity. This combined effect leaves enterprises with a fragmented picture of total risk and little useful information to help them strengthen their security posture. ... An increase in the number of security tools leads to an increase in the number of security tests, which in turn translates to an increase in the number of results. This creates a vicious cycle that adds complexity to the AppSec environment that is both unnecessary and avoidable. Most of the time, these results are stored in their respective point tools. As a result, developers frequently receive duplicate issues as well as remediation guidance that is ineffective or lacking context, causing them to waste critical time and resources. Without consolidated and actionable outcomes, it is impossible to avoid duplication of findings and remediation actions.



Quote for the day:

"There is no substitute for knowledge." -- W. Edwards Deming

Daily Tech Digest - July 21, 2023

Attackers find new ways to deliver DDoSes with “alarming” sophistication

The newer methods attempt to do two things: (1) conceal the maliciousness of the traffic so defenders don’t block it and (2) deliver ever-larger traffic floods that can overwhelm targets even when they have DDoS mitigations in place. ... Another method on the rise is the exploitation of servers running unpatched software for the Mitel MiCollab and MiVoice Business Express collaboration systems, which act as a gateway for transferring PBX phone communications to the Internet and vice versa. A vulnerability tracked as CVE-2022-26143 stems from an unauthenticated UDP port the unpatched software exposes to the public Internet. By flooding a vulnerable system with requests that appear to come from the victim, the system in turn pummels the victim with a payload that can be 4 billion times bigger. This amplification method works by issuing what’s called a “startblast” debugging command, which simulates a flurry of calls to test systems. “As a result, for each test call, two UDP packets are sent to the issuer, enabling an attacker to direct this traffic to any IP and port number to amplify a DDoS attack,” the Cloudflare researchers wrote.


Overcoming user resistance to passwordless authentication

A passwordless platform can replace these siloed mechanisms with a single experience that encompasses both biometric-based identity verification and authentication. During initial on-boarding, the system validates the integrity of the device, captures biometric data (selfie, live selfie, fingerprint, etc.) and can even verify government documents (driver’s license, passport, etc.), which creates a private, reusable digital wallet that is stored in the device TPM / secure enclave. ... For legacy systems that an organization can’t or won’t migrate to passwordless, some passwordless platforms use facial matching to reset or change passwords. This eliminates the friction associated with legacy password reset tools that are often targeted by cybercriminals. Some passwordless authentication platforms even support offline access when internet access is not available or during a server outage. They can also replace physical access tokens – such as building access cards – by allowing users to authenticate via the same digital wallet that provides access to the IT network.


Apple eyes a late arrival to the generative AI party

Privacy isn’t just an advantage in consumer makets; it also matters within the enterprise. Anxious to protect company data, major enterprises including Apple, Samsung, and others have banned employees from using ChatGPT or GitHub Copilot internally. The desire to use these tools exists, but not at the cost of enterprise privacy. Within the context of Apple’s growing status in enterprise IT, the eventual introduction of LLM services that can deliver powerful results while also having privacy protection built in means the company will be able to provide tools enterprise employees might be permitted to use. Not only this, but those tools could end up displaying a degree of personal contextual relevance that isn’t available elsewhere — without sharing key personal data with others. So, there’s a lot of optimism; it is, after all, not the first time Apple has appeared to be late to a party and then delivered a better experience than available elsewhere. This optimism was reflected swiftly by investors. While warning that the next iPhone may not ship until October, Bank of America raised its Apple target to $210 per share from $190


Why — and how — high-performance computing technology is coming to your data center

Not long ago, conventional thinking was that high-performance computing was only required for exceptionally data-intensive applications within select industries — aerospace, oil and gas, and pharmaceuticals, for example, in addition to supercomputing centers dedicated to solving large, complex problems. This is no longer the case. As data volumes have exploded, many organizations are tapping into these technology and techniques to perform essential functions. In a relatively short timeframe, they’ve gone from believing they would never need anything beyond routine compute performance capabilities, to depending on high-performance computing to fuel their business success. ... In conjunction with AI and data analytics, high-performance computing is powering entire industries that depend for their existence on performing large-scale, mathematically intensive computations for a variety of needs, including faster business insights and results to drive improved decision-making.


Backup in the age of cloud

While it originated at a time when 30GB hard drives and CD backups were prevalent, it has adapted to the present era of 18TB drives and widespread cloud storage. The strategy's simplicity and effectiveness in safeguarding valuable information, Sia says, has contributed to its popularity among data protection experts. Many enterprises today have embraced the 3-2-1 concept, with primary backups stored in a datacentre for quick recovery, and a second copy kept on a different infrastructure to avoid a single point of failure, says Daniel Tan, head of solution engineering for ASEAN, Japan, Korea and Greater China at Commvault. “In addition, the same data could be uploaded to an offsite cloud on a regular basis as the third online copy, which can be switched offline if required, to provide an air gap that effectively protects data from being destroyed, accessed, or manipulated in the event of a cyber security attack or system failure.” Indeed, the cloud, with its geographical and zone redundancy, flexibility, ease of use, and scalability, is an increasingly important part of an organisation’s 3-2-1 backup strategy, which remains relevant today


Megatrend alert: The rise of ubiquitous computing

First, I get that cloud computing is also ubiquitous in architecture. However, we use these resources as if they are centrally located, at least virtually. Moving to a more ubiquitous model means we can leverage any connected platform at any time for any purpose. This means processing and storage occur across public clouds, your desktop computer, smartwatch, phone, or car. You get the idea—anything that has a processor and/or storage. With a common abstracted platform, we push applications and data out on an abstracted space, and it finds the best and most optimized platform to run on or across platforms as distributed applications. For instance, we develop an application, design a database on a public cloud platform, and push it to production. The application and the data set are then pushed out to the best and most optimized set of platforms. This could be the cloud, your desk computer, your car, or whatever, depending on what the application does and needs. Of course, this is not revolutionary; we’ve been building complex distributed systems for years. 


MIT Makes Probability-Based Computing a Bit Brighter

At the heart of the team’s p-bit is a component called an optical parametric oscillator (OPO), which is essentially a pair of mirrors that bounce light back and forth between them. The light does not travel in a physical vacuum, however, in the same sense that outer space is a vacuum. “We do not actually pump a vacuum,” Roques-Carmes says. “In principle...it’s in the dark. We’re not sending in any light. And so that’s what we call the vacuum state in optics. There’s just no photon, on average, in the cavity.” When a laser is pumped into the cavity, the light oscillates at a specific frequency. But each time the device is powered up, the phase of the oscillation can take on one of two states. Which state it settles on depends on quantum phenomena known as vacuum fluctuations, which are inherently random. This quantum effect is behind such well-observed phenomena as the Lamb shift of atomic spectra and the Casimir and van der Waals forces found in nanosystems and molecules, respectively. OPOs have previously been used to generate random numbers, but for the first time the MIT team showed they could exert some control over the randomness of the output.


5 ways CIOs can help eliminate a culture of busyness

As leaders, it’s crucial to prioritize outcomes achieved, especially in the world of hybrid and remote work, adds Constantinides. “Rather than fixating on the process, we should concentrate on the results,” she says. “An outcome-based model provides employees with the confidence and autonomy to excel in their work.” For her, this entails establishing clear expectations and objectives, communicating them effectively, empowering teams with accountability, measuring outcomes, and offering clear feedback. I don’t think this is only a CIO issue; it’s a leadership issue, says Thaver. In many business environments, perceptions of busyness have existed for years. Eliminating these ideas demands that leaders push a culture of learning, unlearning and relearning so an environment is created where it’s possible, and encouraged, for people to change bad habits. According to Naren Gangavarapu, CIO at the Northern Beaches Council, CIOs must partner with the leadership and other important business stakeholders to manage expectations and make sure that outcomes are the most important metric for success.


Sophisticated HTTP and DNS DDoS attacks on the rise

The internet’s domain name system (DNS) that is responsible for translating domain names into IP addresses has also been a frequent target for DDoS attacks. In fact, over the last quarter over 32% of all DDoS attacks observed and mitigated by Cloudflare were over the DNS protocol. There are two types of DNS servers: authoritative DNS servers that hold the collection of records for a domain name and all its subdomains (known as a DNS zone) and recursive DNS resolvers, which take DNS queries from end-users, look up which is the authoritative server for the requested domain, query it and return the response back to the requesting user. To make this process more efficient, DNS resolvers cache the records they obtain from authoritative servers for a period of time, so they don’t have to query the authoritative servers too often for the same information. The time before cached records expire is configurable and admins must strike a balance, because a long expiry time means the DNS resolver might end up with outdated information about record changes made on the authoritative server negatively impacting the experience for users that rely on it.


How Will the New National Cybersecurity Strategy Be Implemented?

The National Cybersecurity Strategy is buttressed by five pillars. The first focuses on defending critical infrastructure. Increasing public-private collaboration is a big part of this strategic pillar. Joshua Corman, vice president of cyber safety strategy at Claroty and former CISA chief strategist, notes that this push is being met with pushback in some cases. “After a decade plus of largely voluntary practices, like the NIST CSF [National Institute of Standards and Technology Cybersecurity Framework], some sectors are unhappy with the … more muscular rebalancing of public good and increased use of regulation,” he explains. Yet, the value of collaboration among federal agencies, the private sector, and international partners is clear. “This can lead to information sharing, knowledge exchange, and coordinated efforts to combat cyber threats effectively,” says Nicole Montgomery, cyber operations lead at IT service management company Accenture Federal Services. Jeff Williams, co-founder and CTO of Contrast Security, points out that this implementation plan represents a more proactive approach to cybersecurity.



Quote for the day:

If you're not prepared to be wrong, you'll never come up with anything original.” -- Sir Ken Robinson

Daily Tech Digest - July 20, 2023

DSPM: Control Your Data to Prevent Issues Later

Simply put, it’s becoming increasingly hard to prevent data security breaches and hacks — the attack surfaces have become too complex. Today, there are petabytes of data being stored, but only a small percentage is actually used and touched on a regular basis. Once the data is stored, it flows seemingly to everyone, and before long, no one knows what data is stored where and who has access to it. Data has become prevalent, especially with the increase in the number of cloud and SaaS applications. All employees, not only engineers, generate and transmit data, sometimes sensitive PII data that is subject to regulations like GDPR and HIPAA. Of course, companies attempt to maintain good data hygiene with risk assessments, labeling, written policies and procedures (that no employee actually reads). All of this is largely done manually and adds more work on IT teams that are already drowning in security and risk assessments as well as security alerts. Add to that the fact that manual assessments are unsustainable and are out of date the second they are completed because they are point-in-time and don’t capture any changes.


Cracking the code: solving for 3 key challenges in generative AI

People are really afraid of machines replacing humans. And their concerns are valid, considering the human-like nature of AI tools and systems like GPT. But machines aren’t going to replace humans. Humans with machines will replace humans without machines. Think of AI as a co-pilot. It’s the user’s responsibility to keep the co-pilot in check and know its powers and limitations. Shankar Arumugavelu, SVP and Global CIO at Verizon, says we should start by educating our teams. He calls it an AI literacy campaign. “We’ve been spending time internally within the company on raising the awareness of what generative AI is, and also drawing a distinction between traditional ML and generative AI. There is a risk if we don’t clarify machine learning, deep learning, and generative AI – plus when you would use one versus the other.” Then the question is: What more can you do if something previously took you two weeks and now it takes you two hours? Some leaders will get super efficient and talk about reducing headcount and the like. Others will think, I’ve got all these people, what can I do with them?


Training AI Models – Just Because It’s ‘Your’ Data Doesn’t Mean You Can Use It

The rise of generative AI has inspired many companies to leverage the data and content they have amassed over the years, to train AI models. It is important that these companies ensure they have the right to use this data and content for this purpose. The lessons from Everalbum are worth heeding. However, the FTC is not the only threat to companies training AI models. Class action attorneys are circling the waters and smell blood. At least one recent class action suit has been filed based on the use of images uploaded by users to train AI models, arguably without the proper consent to do so. ... The foregoing cases primarily address situations where companies used data they already had to train AI models, at least arguably without consent to do so. Many companies are newly collecting data and content from various sources to build databases upon which they can train AI models. In these cases, it is important to ensure that data is properly acquired and that its use to train models is permitted. This too has led to lawsuits and more will likely be filed.


How Platform Engineering Bridges the IT and DevOps Divide

Platforming engineering and “platform as a product” have been key to the PaaS ecosystem for years but are now gaining fresh traction in the industry. In Puppet’s State of DevOps Report, 51% of respondents said they had already adopted platform engineering and 93% said it was a step in the right direction. Gartner predicted 80% of software engineering organizations will have platform teams by 2026. The concept can be defined in several ways. Gartner reported platform engineering is “an emerging trend intended to modernize enterprise software delivery… designed to support the needs of software developers and others by providing common, reusable tools and capabilities, and interfacing to complex infrastructure.” PlatformEngineering.org’s recent blog post defines it as the discipline of designing and building toolchains and workflows for self-service capabilities in software engineering organizations during the cloud-native era. Regardless of definition, platform engineering is the latest iteration of IT centralization, though now attempting to retain all the benefits of distributed team empowerment through “composition” rather than converged control.


Wi-Fi 7: Everything you need to know about the next era of wireless networking

With each iteration of Wi-Fi standards, channel widths have widened to allow for more simultaneous data transfer streams. It's intended to enable multiple devices to communicate, but increasing the channel width doesn't necessarily equate to faster speeds. There are often benefits to sticking with lower channels around 20 - 40MHz, but Wi-Fi 7 jumps to 320MHz for its 6GHz band. Wi-Fi 6E already uses a 6GHz band but is limited to 160MHz, so doubling the channel width is a big selling point for the upcoming standard. As with most technical advancements, real-world performance upgrades will rely on whether your devices are efficiently designed to support the maximum theoretical speeds of Wi-Fi 7.
... MU-MIMO (multi-user, multiple input, multiple output) increases to 16 streams for Wi-Fi 7 alongside the wider channel, doubling the bandwidth from the 8 streams of Wi-Fi 6. The more antennas on your router, internal or external, the better equipped it will be to handle the maximum theoretical bandwidth limits. 


ChatGPT and Digital Trust: Navigating the Future of Information Security

As we navigate this monumental shift, the focus on information security and safeguarding against risks becomes paramount, particularly in the realm of AI. This is where the fascinating and complex issue of digital trust comes into play. Amidst recent news stories of data breaches and privacy concerns, the importance of digital trust and robust information security have never been more critical. ... In the age of AI, maintaining trust in our digital world is an ongoing process that requires constant attention and adaptation. It involves asking tough questions, making complex decisions and collaborating as a tech community. As we continue to integrate AI technologies like ChatGPT into our digital landscape, let’s focus on building a strong foundation of trust that promotes innovation while prioritizing the safety and well-being of everyone involved. As professionals in the technology field, it’s our responsibility to understand, adapt and innovate in a responsible and ethical manner. Let’s keep exploring, questioning and learning because that’s what the journey of technology is all about, especially when it comes to reinforcing information security.


Gartner: Generative AI not yet influencing IT spending, but enterprises should plan for it

“The generative AI frenzy shows no signs of abating,” said Frances Karamouzis, distinguished VP analyst at Gartner, in a statement. “Organizations are scrambling to determine how much cash to pour into generative AI solutions, which products are worth the investment, when to get started and how to mitigate the risks that come with this emerging technology.” That same poll found that 68% of executives believe the benefits of generative AI outweigh the risks, compared with just 5% that feel the risks outweigh the benefits. “Initial enthusiasm for a new technology can give way to more rigorous analysis of risks and implementation challenges,” Karamouzis stated. “Organizations will likely encounter a host of trust, risk, security, privacy and ethical questions as they start to develop and deploy generative AI.” Another survey, this one published by MIT Technology Review Insights and sponsored by enterprise data management company Databricks, polled 600 senior data and technology executives.


IDEA: a Framework for Nurturing a Culture of Continuous Experimentation

Empathy and trust goes a long way when building relationships. If the team is expected to pick up new skills, they need to have dedicated and uninterrupted time to practice and learn. As a team, you can timebox the uninterrupted time you need. However, expecting your team to pick up new skills while they’re also expected to work full-time on their current projects will end up in disappointment and burnout. Another important factor is that people adopt new skills differently. Some people learn better in groups and some alone. I always respect individual preferences. However, having a couple hours of workshops for the whole team often benefits everyone. During these workshops everyone can discuss their learning, questions, and interesting facts they found out. From my experience as a consultant, I often find myself stepping into the unknown with new clients and projects. This has taught me that openness, honesty and curiosity are fundamental. 


Study: We Are Wasting Up to 20 Percent of Our Time on Computer Problems

Surprisingly, studies reveal that a significant amount of our time spent on computers, averaging between 11 and 20 percent, is wasted due to malfunctioning systems or complex interfaces that hinder our ability to accomplish desired tasks. Professor Kasper Hornbæk, one of the researchers involved in the study, deems this situation far from satisfactory. “It’s astonishing how high this percentage is. Almost everyone has experienced the frustration of a critical PowerPoint presentation not being saved or a system crashing at a crucial moment. While it is widely recognized that creating IT systems that align with users’ needs is challenging, the occurrence of such issues should be much lower. This highlights the insufficient involvement of ordinary users during the development of these systems,” Professor Hornbæk asserts. Professor Morten Hertzum, the other researcher contributing to the study, emphasizes that the majority of frustrations stem from the performance of everyday tasks, rather than complex endeavors.


Mitigating the organisational risks of generative AI

Firstly, keeping an eye on how their systems are being used, by rolling up topics, attacks and other exploits to understand the moving threat landscape will be key — along with keeping warning thresholds low for anomalous events. Ensuring all AI-augmented platforms and services have a dedicated ‘kill switch’ with the ability to revoke keys and other methods of access will become ever more vital as we advance to peak GenAI. ... It’s often a great yardstick of how a service, function or platform is performing in the market, so keeping a watch on service and keywords after a big product launch is always a good idea — especially when it comes to picking up any AI responses that break ethics or are reputationally damaging. Providing access to the latest AI-related news on the underlying technologies they’re using for any engineering teams is another preventative measure you can put in place. This will support in the battle to quickly spot any upstream problems, allowing engineers to proactively restrict affected services as required.



Quote for the day:

“If we wait until we’re ready, we’ll be waiting for the rest of our lives.” -- Lemony Snicket

Daily Tech Digest - July 19, 2023

This is why personal encryption is vital to the future of business

We already recognize that humans are the weakest link in any security infrastructure. But what isn’t sufficiently recognized is that any action that puts those humans more at risk makes anyone they work for more vulnerable. A well-resourced attacker will simply identify who works at the company they're aiming for and then find ways to compromise some of those individuals using seemingly unrelated tricks. That compromised data will then feed into more sophisticated attacks against the actual target. So, what makes it easy to create those customized attacks in the first place? Information about those people, what they enjoy, who they know, where they go, and how they flow. That’s precisely the kind of data any weakening in end-to-end encryption for individuals makes easier to get. Because if you weaken personal data protection in one place, you might as well weaken it in every place. And once you do that, you’re presenting hackers and attackers with a totally tempting table of attack surface treats to chow down on. This is not clever, nor is it sensible.


Data protection and AI - accountability and governance

Part of risk remediation will include having policies and procedures in place that ensure operational staff have sufficient direction as to their roles and responsibilities. These should be readily available and supported by training. Risk management policies will need to be implemented or existing policies updated to address AI-specific considerations. For example regarding obtaining and handling AI training and test data, procuring and assessing external software, allocating roles and responsibilities for validation and independent sign-off of AI system development, deployment and updates (which may also include a role for an ethics committee) as well as ensuring policies relevant to automated decision making that address risks of bias, prejudice or lack of interpretability. ... The UK GDPR requires controllers to be transparent with individuals about how their personal data will be collected and processed within AI systems, including by telling them how and why such data will be processed and in explaining any decisions made with AI, how long any personal data will be retained and who it will be shared with. For further information about transparency in AI systems see here.


E-Waste: Australia’s Hidden ESG Nightmare

For Australian enterprises, e-waste is an IT life-cycle challenge, as much as an environmental one. With an increasingly decentralized workforce, IT teams are struggling to keep up with patch maintenance as well as the provisioning and deployment of new devices in such a way that it doesn’t disrupt operations. Consequently, these organizations are prone to create unnecessary e-waste through their poor processes, which can incur several consequences for a business. ... It remains true that managing e-waste at scale can be a logistical challenge for organizations. The best solution would be for IT teams to work with their suppliers and partners to establish a cyclical logistics chain, where older equipment is automatically fed back to the vendor and added to their e-waste management programs using the same logistics that deliver new technology. With the right partners and suppliers, which can offer reliable data-wiping services, the IT team will be able to manage the challenges of e-waste management in Australia. Largely due to these risk factors, the costs of poorly managing e-waste is likely to accelerate rapidly in the months ahead.


The draft data privacy law surprises with its simplicity

For the most part, the draft Digital Personal Data Protection Bill was pretty much what we had been promised—simple, principles-based and generally appropriate for our current stage of maturity. Most businesses I spoke with confirmed that, if passed as is, they would have no problem complying with the obligations it imposed after a reasonably short transition period. To be clear, there were things we would have liked to see changed—clauses that needed to be tweaked and others I would have liked removed. I had an opportunity to engage in the consultations that followed and found the government not just willing to hear our points of view, but keen to understand what impact the text of the draft would have on implementation of the law. In a truly democratic process, it is impossible for everyone’s suggestions to be incorporated, especially when they come from different perspectives. I know that is probably the case for several of my suggestions, but I know that where there exists a multiplicity of views, it is only possible for one to be reflected. 
The question is how an enterprise can use its data to do more than just do cool things? Enterprises are considering how their data can help shareholders. Kobielus wrote TDWI’s Best Practices Report with an eye to determining the chief factors that contribute to data monetization success. He found what he calls “four strategies for data monetization.” “The first one may not, at first glance, sound like a key strategy for monetization of data at all, but it is. It is data democratization -- giving everybody in your organization access to the best data you have to support data-driven analytics,” such as performing queries and producing reports. Enterprises can see the payoff of data democratization in terms of qualitative factors (such as employees working smarter), but there are quantitative factors as well, such as making better business decisions that enable the organization to boost sales, hold on to customers, or upsell to existing customers “When we talk about data monetization, it's a maturity model, where you move from data democratization to operationalize data . 


Managing Human Risk Requires More Than Awareness Training

The first step in managing human risk is to conduct a risk assessment to identify the risk factors most critical to the organization. Sound familiar? To be successful, a risk analyst must assess the likelihood of a vulnerability being exploited and the impact that would occur because of the event. To find these threat sources, the security operations team should be engaged to uncover documentation regarding cyberincidents, threat intelligence and mitigation plans from past audits. The security operations team also tests users on the likelihood of penetration, for example, through phishing simulation exercises. Once an assessor has this information, they can build a risk register to prioritize the highest risk factors. Any educator knows that it is not possible to teach someone everything that they need to know and expect them to retain all the information. ... For example, employees in an organization should be made aware of the risk associated with phishing attacks or identity theft efforts that engage employees through attack vectors such as emails, texts or phone call


A quick intro to the MACH architecture strategy

At the very least, most software teams are likely putting one or more MACH elements to considerable use already. In that case, this evaluation will help reveal which of the four components your organization might be overlooking. For instance, if your organization is currently deploying microservices-based applications on individual servers, deploying those applications in containers across a cluster of servers would be one way to closer align with a MACH strategy. Another plausible scenario is that a software team already uses microservices and cloud-native hosting, but isn't yet managing APIs in a way that positions it at the center of application design plans and build processes. Adopting an API-first development strategy -- that is, one that places a priority on determining how APIs will behave and addresses specific business requirements before any actual coding starts -- would place that team one step closer to proper MACH adoption. However, for teams that are truly starting at square one, such as those still running a localized monolith, it often makes the most sense to start out with headless application design. 


Is PC-as-a-Service part of your hybrid work strategy?

Getting new PCs into the hands of employees and making sure they’re regularly refreshed is complex. The old models of centralized staging and warehousing can create delays and excess shipping costs in today’s hybrid workstyles. Moreover, IT teams struggle to find time to manage day-to-day PC lifecycle tasks. ... By taking this service-oriented approach to PC management, IT teams will spend less time managing and supporting devices, freeing up time to focus on projects that have a greater impact on the business. From a financial perspective, Dell APEX PCaaS flips the script of employee device purchasing from a fixed cost to a predictable, monthly expenditure. Payments that spread out over time—like leasing a car or subscribing to cable services—align with your experience of consuming cloud software while affording you flexibility in how you plan your budget and allocate people resources. With Dell APEX PCaaS you can help your overworked IT staff deploy, support, and manage PCs, reducing time to value and total cost of ownership while ensuring that employees remain productive.


Why and how CISOs should work with lawyers to address regulatory burdens

As the regulatory burden increases, organizations and CISOs are having to take ownership of cyber risk, but it needs to be seen through the lens of business risk, according to Kayne McGladrey, field CISO with Hyperproof. Cyber risk is no longer simply a technology risk. "The problem is, organizationally, companies have separated those two and have their business risk register and their cyber risk register, but that’s not the way the world works anymore," says McGladrey. He believes the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), the Federal Trade Commission, FTC and other regulators in the US are trying to promote collaboration among business leaders because cyber risks are functionally business risks. ... However, not all CISOs are naturally well versed in defining the business case of cyber risk, and McGladrey believes CISOs who are more adept at articulating the business value of doing cybersecurity will find it easier to achieve buy-in, while those with a more technical background that emphasize compliance over business risk may find it more difficult to get support and budget.


Stress Test: IT Leaders Strained by Talent Shortage, Tech Spend

George Jones, CISO at Critical Start, says a shortage of skilled professionals has led to delays in certain projects and increased workloads for existing team members. “To combat these delays, we have looked at upskilling current employees, brought in interns with specific skill sets, leveraged contract and freelance workers, and implemented knowledge-sharing to encourage cross-functional collaboration, empowering employees to learn from one another,” he says. He explains Critical Start employees have clearly defined roles and responsibilities that align with their team and organizational goals, and cross-functional collaboration is encouraged to leverage diverse perspectives and expertise. “Agile methodologies promote transparency, adaptability, and iterative progress and foster a culture of psychological safety where individuals feel comfortable sharing ideas, taking risks, and learning from failures,” he adds. Jones says to foster a culture of communication and collaboration, my teams meet regularly to share knowledge, project updates, and provide feedback on what is working and what isn’t.



Quote for the day:

"When your values are clear to you, making decisions becomes easier." -- Roy E. Disney

Daily Tech Digest - July 18, 2023

Embrace AI Acceleration by Investing in Reliability

There’s no way to completely eliminate the unreliability risks of AI without also eliminating all of its benefits. Manually reworking every line of code the AI writes to be “robustly human-compatible,” for example, makes it not much faster than writing code yourself. Instead, let AI accelerate you where it can, and empower the people steering it to mitigate the risk. A major advantage of engineers over current AI models is perspective. Your AI copilot is lightning-fast at producing and testing code, but it doesn’t understand why you’re asking for these tasks. Unfortunately, human engineers can also end up stuck regurgitating code from requests, not knowing the big picture or having any impact on it. When they become “managers” of AI, it’s more important than ever to empower your engineers with this perspective. ... Even without needing to understand the details of the AI-written code, each engineer can tackle things on a higher level, mitigating the effect of the problem on the intended outcome of the service. They’ll know what your users care about and how to leverage AI to quickly bring back functionality. 


CISOs under pressure: Protecting sensitive information in the age of high employee turnover

A risk assessment can quickly identify and prioritize cyber vulnerabilities so that you can immediately deploy solutions to protect critical assets from malicious cyber actors while immediately improving overall operational cybersecurity. This includes protecting and backing up business enterprise systems such as: financial systems, email exchange servers, HR, and procurement systems with new security tools and policies. There are measures in a vulnerability framework that are not cost prohibitive. Those measures can include mandating strong passwords for employees and requiring multi-factor authentication. Firewalls can be set up and CISOs can make plans to segment their most sensitive data. Encryption software can also be affordable. The use of the cloud and hybrid clouds enables implementation of dynamic policies, faster encryption, drives down costs, and provides more transparency for access control. A good cloud provider can provide some of those security controls for a reasonable cost. 


A Tutorial About Dealing With an Obfuscated Code

Security researchers face numerous challenges in their work, and malware writers consistently attempt to compound these existing challenges with additional obstacles. Therefore, when researchers examine a script, code, or file, it often exhibits lengthy and vague variable names, occasionally encrypted using methods like Base64 or subjected to XOR operations. The code may contain unnecessary data, including thousands of lines of code that are never utilized, among other elements deliberately intended to perplex and consume the valuable time of the researcher. ... It’s worth considering that deobfuscation techniques can vary, offering different approaches and potential solutions. As a result, you may come across alternative methods that resonate better with your preferences and prove to be more effective for your specific needs. ... Occasionally, you may encounter files without proper indentation. In such cases, you can search online for “VBS beautify” tools to assist in organizing and formatting the code. So, this is what we are dealing with today, there’s no need to overanalyze it at this point, we will soon tackle it together:


Police Scotland use cloud for biometric data despite clear risks

Computer Weekly contacted Police Scotland about various aspects of the story, including why DNA and fingerprint data was deemed too sensitive for the system, but other biometric information was not; why it considers encryption to be an effective safeguard in this instance; and why it decided to press forward with the DESC pilot despite major data protection concerns being highlighted by both the SPA and ICO. “Police Scotland continues to work closely with all relevant partners to identify, assess and mitigate any risks relating to data sovereignty, where required. Further risk assessments and mitigation will be kept under ongoing scrutiny,” said a Police Scotland spokesperson. “All digital evidence on the DESC system is held securely. Access to the information is fully audited and monitored, and only accessible to approved personnel. ... “We take the management and security of data seriously. We are working with our criminal justice partners to ensure robust, effective and secure processes are in place to support the development of the system and will continue to engage with the biometrics commissioner, the Information Commissioner’s Office and relevant partners.”


Using Snapshots to Improve Data Security

Snapshots can augment backups for data protection. For those wishing to reduce their recovery point objective without spending a fortune, snapshots are one option. Backups can recover data anywhere from a day ago to a week or more, depending on when the last backup was done. Anything later than the last backup is lost. Snapshots can take the RPO down to an hour or so, depending on how often they are done. Some businesses run snapshots more often than once an hour due to the sensitive or financially lucrative nature of the data they process. ... One way to achieve immutability is to send data to a tape archive that remains offline. That air gap means that cybercriminals can’t cause any mischief as there is no direct networking connection to the data. But there are other solutions to immutability — some better than others. Some try to pass off cloud storage as being immutable. In reality, it is just cloud storage with extra layers of protection. Pure Storage is one vendor that has put together some immutability features that make snapshots more valuable. 


Unlocking the Full Hybrid Cloud Potential With Modern Data Management

Protecting data along its journey to the cloud requires complete visibility. Legacy systems often create data siloes, making it difficult to see what’s happening in a given corner of the business. When modernizing, companies should prioritize solutions that allow for siloes to be eliminated. This ultimately offers decision-makers a picture of their data across the entirety of the enterprise. Furthermore, due to the sheer volume of data in the hands of today's typical business, software solutions that bring agility and flexibility to data management are also a must. Hybrid migrations can facilitate frictionless modernization. However, continuous, successful transformation hinges on ensuring the business is equipped with the right tools in its technology stack to drive this objective. This emphasizes the point that for hybrid cloud strategies to result in successful modernization, deep visibility and strong controls on data in transit is crucial. ... With established, effective data practices, organizations can more freely interact with their valuable and critical data without incurring risk.


A Disturbing Trend in Ransomware Attacks: Legitimate Software Abuse

Leveraging legitimate software can allow attackers’ activity to remain hidden, which may allow them to achieve their goals on a victim network without being discovered. Legitimate software misuse also can make attribution of an attack more difficult, and these tools can also lower barriers to entry. This means less-skilled hackers may still be able to conduct quite wide-ranging and disruptive attacks. The legitimate tools we most commonly see being used by malicious actors are remote monitoring and management (RMM) tools, such as AnyDesk, Atera, TeamViewer, ConnectWise, and more. In fact, the use of RMM software by malicious actors was considered serious enough for the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) to issue an alert about this kind of. As recently as February this year, the Symantec Threat Hunter team saw ConnectWise used in both Noberus and Royal ransomware attacks. These tools are commonly used legitimately by IT departments in small, midsize, and large organizations.


Only half of organizations “very prepared” to meet global data privacy laws

The survey suggests that those who feel they are very prepared to meet data privacy laws may not be as ready as they believe. While 70% say they have designated an internal project manager or owner and 58% conduct regular training of staff on data privacy and compliance, less than half of the overall respondent pool have taken the following steps: engaged outside legal counsel (42%), participated in a peer group to keep abreast of changes (40%), or developed a task force/oversight counsel to track privacy law changes (35%), the research found. ... "Data mapping - knowing what data you have and where it lives - is foundational for any effective data privacy and cybersecurity strategy," wrote Tara Cho, partner, chair of the Womble Bond Dickinson privacy and cybersecurity team, and report contributor. While many companies might implement external-facing actions, such as putting a cookie banner on their website or updating privacy policies, there is still a need to build out back-end requirements to truly operationalize the compliance requirements, Cho added.


Is quantum computing the next frontier for machine learning experts?

“We need more quantum literate programmers and engineers; but equally as important, I encourage quantum literacy across a wide range of diverse roles. For example, we need quantum literate scientific journalists, policy makers, ethicists, teachers, cyber analysts and strategists,” says Dr Kristin M. Gilkes, global innovation quantum leader at EY.“Quantum is a domain for which we need all kinds of diverse thinking and leadership, not just the physicists, programmers and engineers.” ... “Quantum is picking up pace and given the advances we are seeing using a hybrid ML/quantum process, I think we are going to see serious benefits in the next two to three years,” Dr Gilkes adds. “We are finding a symbiotic relationship between the disciplines of AI and quantum, each bringing their own value to the table and making the other more efficient and faster. ML has the ability, today, to organise and manipulate large data sets really well, which is a function that quantum computing can benefit from.” Similar to how AI is surpassing all scaling timeframe predictions, Dr Gilkes believes that the rapid advancement of quantum computing means its impact will be felt in the next couple of years. 


How Intelligent Applications Can Boost Sales

One way an intelligent app can increase sales is by creating a personalized user experience. “This focuses on offering potential customers products or services that are applicable to them specifically, based on data obtained from prior user interactions, past searches, or surveys,” says Danielle Borisovsky, a manager in intelligent automation technologies at automation firm Reveal Group. Lead prioritization is another way intelligent applications can help spur sales. Ranking leads based on potential value and conversion probability allows sales teams to focus on the most promising prospects, Ours says. “Elements helping to prioritize leads can range from prior history, strength of relationship, size of the deal, customer monetization value, or even the maturity of your product or offering.” Perhaps the most popular -- and valuable -- intelligent application sales tool is forecasting. “By analyzing historical sales data and various market factors, AI-powered sales applications can generate more accurate forecasts, driving better decision-making, upselling, and cross-selling,” Ours says.



Quote for the day:

"The first task of a leader is to keep hope alive." -- Joe Batten