Daily Tech Digest - October 14, 2020

Financial crime group FIN11 pivots to ransomware and stolen data extortion

Despite casting a wide net with its phishing campaigns, FIN11 choses to perform deeper compromises on only a small subset of its victims, which are likely selected based on their size, industry and likelihood of paying. Like several other sophisticated ransomware gangs, FIN11 uses manual hacking to move laterally through networks and deploy its ransomware, so the group might not have enough manpower to do this on a large scale. If a victim looks interesting, after the initial intrusion the FIN11 attackers deploy multiple backdoors with the goal of moving laterally and obtaining domain administrator privileges. Even though its exclusive tools like FlawedAmmyy and MIXLABEL are used to gain the initial foothold, the lateral movement activity involves the use of many publicly available tools. This is similar to how an increasing number of hacker groups operate. Once domain admin credentials have been obtained, the attackers use various tools to disable Windows Defender and deploy the CLOP ransomware to hundreds of computers using Group Policy Objects. FIN11's ransom notes include only an email address for victims to contact and do not specify a ransom amount, suggesting the ransom is later customized based on who the victim organization is.


How to ignite a mainframe transformation with three key mindset changes

There’s often a misconception that IT departments have to plan their entire mainframe transformation at the same time, which usually leads to delays and pushback from teams who believe the effort is simply too ambitious, or fear it will take too long to achieve. It’s important to remember that mainframe teams usually have a backlog of essential, customer-impacting work to complete, so it’s difficult to take resources away from those tasks to support an internal transition project. It’s far more effective to break the transformation down into smaller steps, using Agile thinking to enable incremental change, and establish continuous feedback and improvements. Instead of trying to build a complete environment for Agile delivery on the mainframe, it’s better to break the process down into steps, using shorter sprints to manage the transition and mitigate any risk and resource constraints. Start by modernising a single aspect of mainframe delivery, such as improving the developer experience with an integrated development environment (IDE), then add automated testing processes, or application analysis and visualisation in stages, to avoid overwhelming teams with a major transition project all at once. It also helps get more people on board, by allowing them to see the benefits of each step before they take the next one.


Agile resilience in the UK: Lessons from COVID-19 for the ‘next normal’

Alongside establishing a guiding purpose, the most effective organizations focused on more frequent communications, taking an adult-to-adult tone that explained decisions and shared a realistic assessment. During the COVID-19 pandemic at UK Power Networks, for example, the CEO shared daily video messages showing the rationale behind corporate decisions. Feedback from employees demonstrated the positive effect of this clear communication and transparency. For organizations that have found a new focus during the COVID-19 crisis, the next key step should be to consider if they can enhance and develop their common purpose to hold true in more normal times, giving employees the same clarity of decision making and ability to act as during the COVID-19 crisis. Agile organizations often speak of a shared purpose and vision—the “North Star”—which helps people feel personally and emotionally invested in the organization. This North Star allows employees to individually and proactively watch for changes in customer preferences and the external environment, and then, act upon them. ... The second shared practice we found was that organizations created new forums and structures, or repurposed existing ones, to act as rapid-decision-making bodies.


Build Next-Generation Cloud Native Applications with the SMOKE Stack

Enterprise technology needs to help organizations take action in real time. Doing this effectively means modernizing application architecture from batch processing to event-driven. Serverless computing is an event-driven architecture that abstracts infrastructure, so developers can focus on writing the application code. With serverless, application teams don’t need to worry about the complexity of maintaining, patching, supporting and paying for infrastructure that they need on an elastic basis. This makes serverless perfect as the glue to integrate services from anywhere. At TriggerMesh, we think serverless is only the beginning. The real power comes from what serverless enables. Serverless architectures allow even the largest enterprises with years or decades of legacy code to break out of the constraints of their own data centers and a single cloud. Open source, standards and specifications free enterprise developers to mash-up services from on-premises and any cloud, to rapidly compose event-driven applications that support high velocity — so that you can bring new features and products to market fast.


Ransomware: It’s time to bring cybersecurity audits up to GDPR status

According to Check Point, the number of daily ransomware attacks worldwide has increased by half over the past three months -- close to doubling in the United States alone -- as threat actors take advantage of the operational disruption and rapid shift to home working caused by COVID-19. Ezat Dayeh, Senior Engineer Manager UK&I at Cohesity, told ZDNet in an interview that the company has seen a recent and "dramatic" increase in the volumes of ransomware incidents. As more people are working from home due to COVID-19, this may have introduced new risk factors -- but the increasing sophistication of such attacks is of concern, too. "When we think about two or three years ago, when people were hit with ransomware, nine out of ten times they would basically say, "it's definitely impacted production, we've got issues, but we can go back to our backups," and worst-case scenario, we will just do a restore," Dayeh said. "But now, with that sophistication, the bad guys know this. Ransomware can come into a network [and] it won't do anything but it will start looking around and see what it can access on the network."  


Facebook’s New Open Source Framework For Training Graph-Based ML Models

The use of WFST data structure is prevalent among speech recognition, natural language processing, and handwriting recognition applications. WFST, especially in the speech recognition systems, provides a common and natural representation for the hidden Markov models (HMM), context-dependency, grammar, pronunciation dictionaries, and weighted determinization algorithms to optimise time and space requirement. One of the most popular WFST-based products is the Kaldi toolkit for speech recognition which is trained to decode speeches. Kaldi heavily relies on OpenFST, which is an open-source WFST toolkit. To understand the importance of GTN framework for a WFST graph, we consider a general speech recogniser. A speech recogniser consists of an acoustic model that predicts the letters in the speech, its language model, and also identifies the word that may follow. These models are represented as WFSTs and are trained separately before combining to output the most likely transcription. It is, at this juncture, that the GTN library steps in to train the different models, which in turn provides better results. Before GTN, the use of the individual graphs at the training time was implicit, and the graph structure needed to be hard-coded in the software. 


What will quantum computing mean for business?

There are four main areas that are already a focus of attention. Cybersecurity is the obvious first one, because if quantum computers render existing encryption worthless, they can also be used to produce more secure algorithms, random number generators and keys that can’t be defeated by their own processing prowess. The other areas revolve around the capacity quantum computing has for comparing lots of different possibilities and finding the optimum one amongst them or best fit. For example, in financial services this could provide portfolio optimisation, high-frequency trading advantages, and more efficient fraud detection. Goldman Sachs, RBS and Citigroup are already recruiting towards taking advantage of these possibilities. Logistics is another obvious beneficiary. Traffic management, delivery route optimisation, and other traffic-related problems are finding potential quantum solutions, with Daimler and Honda already aiming to acquire quantum computers for these kinds of activities. Similarly, manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, and materials science can optimise their processes, such as the manufacturing supply chain. Existing quantum computers with just 50 qubits are delivering good results for applications such as protein folding and new drug formula discovery.


Windows “Ping of Death” bug revealed – patch now!

Interestingly, the bug you see triggering in the video above that provokes the BSoD is caused by a buffer overflow. TCPIP.SYS doesn’t correctly check the size of one of the data fields that can optionally appear in IPv6 ICMP packets, so you can shove too much data at it and corrupt the system stack. Bang! Down it goes. Two decades ago, almost any stack-based buffer overflow on Windows could be used not only to crash a system, but also, with a bit of care and planning,to take over the processor’s flow of execution and divert it into a program fragment – known as shellcode – of your own choosing. In other words, Windows stack overflows in neworking software almost always used to lead to so-called remote code execution exploits, where attackers could trigger the bug from afar with specially crafted network traffic, run code of their own choosing, and thereby inject malware without you even being aware. But numerous security improvements in Windows, from Windows XP SP3 onwards, have made stack overflows harder and harder to exploit, and these days they can often only be used to force crashes, not to take over completely. Nevertheless, a malcontent on your network who could crash any computers at will, servers and laptops alike, could cause plenty of harm just through what’s known as a denial of service attack, especially because recovering from each crash requires a complete reboot.


The CISO’s newest responsibility: Building trust

As part of this evolution, CISOs have had to build confidence among all stakeholders—customers, partners, employees, board members and other executives—that they and their security teams have the organization’s best interests in mind when it comes to cybersecurity decisions. ... “Things are all upside down now. No one is working the same, and there’s a lot of discomfort out there. So as a security person you have to build that trust. It’s part of your job, and it’s what you get paid to do,” says Gene Fredriksen, a veteran security executive now serving as executive director of the National Credit Union Information Sharing & Analysis Organization (NCU-ISAO) and cybersecurity principal for Pure IT Credit Union Services. ... The CISO’s capacity to cultivate trust is more than an esoteric discussion or business-school exercise: Experts say it’s an essential element for any CISO who wants to be successful in the role because it enables him or her to enact the policies, procedures and technologies needed to secure the organization and, thus, prove to others—including customers—that their interactions with the company are safe.


Data Analytics Without a Plan is Like Panning for Gold

Of the many lessons COVID-19 has to teach, data analysis is one of the least appreciated. A lack of quality data has led to unanswerable questions about the availability of ventilators, hospital beds, and personal protective equipment. Poor data collection has hindered contact tracing efforts. In a pandemic, collecting the right data and applying it in the right way can save lives. A hospital in Boston was lauded for using a forecasting model to anticipate how many bags of blood it would need. Singapore, one of the countries with the slowest spread of COVID-19, uses blockchain and analytics to reduce exposures through contact tracing. Many of the economy’s heavy hitters, like Amazon and Facebook, were designed from the outset to apply data. If a shopper looks repeatedly at an item on Amazon, the site will show similar items, adjust the price, or offer promotions to prod a purchase. Facebook’s Cambridge Analytica scandal demonstrates what can happen when data is applied indiscriminately. People felt violated by the depth of information the company was able to glean from their internet use. 



Quote for the day:

"Leaders lead when they take positions, when they connect with their tribes, and when they help the tribe connect to itself." -- Seth Godin

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