Daily Tech Digest - August 23, 2020

What we've lost in the push to agile software development, and how to get it back

Team members and business partners should not have to ask questions such as "what does that arrow mean?" "Is that a Java application?" or "is that a monolithic application or a set of microservices," he says. Rather, discussions should focus on the functions and services being delivered to the business. "The thing nobody talks about is you have to do design to get version 1," Brown says. "You have to put some foundations in place to give you a sufficient starting point to iterate, and evolve on top of. And that's what we're missing." Many software design teams keep upfront design to a minimum, assuming details will be fleshed out in an agile process as things move along. Brown says this is misplaced thinking, and design teams should incorporate more information into their upfront designs, including the type of technology and languages that are being proposed. "During my travels, I have been given every excuse you can possibly imagine for why teams should not do upfront design," he says. Some of his favorite excuses even include the question, "are we allowed to do upfront design?" Other responses include "we don't do upfront design because we do XP [extreme programming]," and "we're agile. It's not expected in agile."


Those who innovate, lead: the new normal for digital transformation

Even in normal times, IT departments struggled to meet their digital transformation goals as quickly as required. According to research, 59% of IT directors reported that they were unable to deliver all of their projects last year. Much of this is due to IT complexity and the challenges inherent in trying to integrate various data sources, applications and systems in an agile way that supports the goals of transformation. All too often, organizations rely on linking capabilities together with point-to-point integrations, which are inflexible and unsuited to the dynamism of modern IT environments. As a result, they find it hard to quickly launch innovative, customer-centric products and services, as they can’t bring together the capabilities that drive them in a cost and time-effective manner. At the same time, it’s often the case that digital transformation is left largely to the IT department. IT teams – already stretched by their day-to-day maintenance responsibilities – are increasingly tasked with driving the entire organization forward, with limited support from other teams in the business. Understandably, this has led to a widening ‘delivery gap’ between what the business expects, and what IT is able to achieve.


Fileless worm builds cryptomining, backdoor-planting P2P botnet

A fileless worm dubbed FritzFrog has been found roping Linux-based devices – corporate servers, routers and IoT devices – with SSH servers into a P2P botnet whose apparent goal is to mine cryptocurrency. Simultaneously, though, the malware creates a backdoor on the infected machines, allowing attackers to access it at a later date even if the SSH password has been changed in the meantime. “When looking at the amount of code dedicated to the miner, compared with the P2P and the worm (‘cracker’) modules – we can confidently say that the attackers are much more interested in obtaining access to breached servers then making profit through Monero,” Guardicore Labs lead researcher Ophir Harpaz told Help Net Security. “This access and control over SSH servers can be worth much more money than spreading a cryptominer. Additionally, it is possible that FritzFrog is a P2P-infrastructure-as-a-service; since it is robust enough to run any executable file or script on victim machines, this botnet can potentially be sold in the darknet and be the genie of its operators, fulfilling any of its malicious wishes.”


Post-Pandemic Digitalization: Building a Human-Centric Cybersecurity Strategy

As leaders of a global business task force responsible for advising and providing recommendations on the future of digitalization to G20 Leaders, we are doubling down on our efforts to build cyber resilience, and we urge leaders to recognize the importance of cybersecurity resilience as a vital building block of our global economy. And we must be thoughtful in our future cyber approach. A human-centric, education-first strategy will protect organizations where they are most vulnerable and get us closer to the point where cybersecurity is ingrained in our daily life rather than an afterthought. Action through collaboration, one of our guiding principles as the voice of the private sector to the G20, is the only viable option. A public-private partnership built on cooperation among large corporations, MSMEs, academic institutions, and international governments is the cornerstone of a modern and resilient cybersecurity system. A few simple but powerful actions ingrained in a global cybersecurity strategy will bring our users into the new age of digital transformation and embed a security mindset into our day-to-day, making breach attempts significantly less successful.



Event Stream Processing: How Banks Can Overcome SQL and NoSQL Related Obstacles with Apache Kafka

Traditional relational databases which support SQL and NoSQL databases present obstacles to the real-time data flows needed in financial services, but ultimately still remain useful to banks. Jackson says that databases are good at recording the current state and allow banks to join and query that data. “However, they’re not really designed for storing the events that got you there. This is where Kafka comes in. If you want to move, create, join, process and reprocess events you really need event streaming technology. This is becoming critical in the financial services sector where context is everything – to customers, this can be anything from sharing alerts to let you know you’ve been paid or instantly sorting transactions into categories.” He continues to say that Nationwide are starting to build applications around events, but in the meantime, technologies such as CDC and Kafka Connect, a tool that reliably streams data between Apache Kafka and other data systems are helping to bridge older database technologies into the realm of events. Data caching technology can also play an important role in providing real-time data access for performance-critical, distributed applications in financial services as it is a well-known and tested approach to dealing with spikey, unpredictable loads in a cost-effective and resilient way.


What is semantic interoperability in IoT and why is it important?

Semantic interoperability can today be enabled by declarative models and logic statements (semantic models) encoded in a formal vocabulary of some sort. The fundamental idea is that by providing these structured semantic models about a subsystem, other subsystems can with the same mechanisms get an unambiguous understanding of the subsystem. This unambiguous understanding is the cornerstone for other subsystems to confidently interact with (in other words, understand information from, as well send commands to) the given subsystem to achieve some desired effect. It's important to note that interoperability is beyond data exchange formats or even explicit translation of information models between a producer and a consumer. It’s about the mechanisms to enable this to happen automatically, without specific programming. There should be no need for an integrator to review thick manuals in order to understand what is really meant with a particular piece of data. It should be fully machine processable. Today, industry standards exist that greatly improve interoperability with significantly reduced effort. They do so by standardizing vocabularies and concepts.


GPT-3, Bloviator: OpenAI’s language generator has no idea what it’s talking about

At first glance, GPT-3 seems to have an impressive ability to produce human-like text. And we don’t doubt that it can used to produce entertaining surrealist fiction; other commercial applications may emerge as well. But accuracy is not its strong point. If you dig deeper, you discover that something’s amiss: although its output is grammatical, and even impressively idiomatic, its comprehension of the world is often seriously off, which means you can never really trust what it says. Below are some illustrations of its lack of comprehension—all, as we will see later, prefigured in an earlier critique that one of us wrote about GPT-3’s predecessor. Before proceeding, it’s also worth noting that OpenAI has thus far not allowed us research access to GPT-3, despite both the company’s name and the nonprofit status of its oversight organization. Instead, OpenAI put us off indefinitely despite repeated requests—even as it made access widely available to the media. Fortunately, our colleague Douglas Summers-Stay, who had access, generously offered to run the experiments for us. OpenAI’s striking lack of openness seems to us to be a serious breach of scientific ethics, and a distortion of the goals of the associated nonprofit.


A Google Drive 'Feature' Could Let Attackers Trick You Into Installing Malware

An unpatched security weakness in Google Drive could be exploited by malware attackers to distribute malicious files disguised as legitimate documents or images, enabling bad actors to perform spear-phishing attacks comparatively with a high success rate. The latest security issue—of which Google is aware but, unfortunately, left unpatched—resides in the "manage versions" functionality offered by Google Drive that allows users to upload and manage different versions of a file, as well as in the way its interface provides a new version of the files to the users. ... According to A. Nikoci, a system administrator by profession who reported the flaw to Google and later disclosed it to The Hacker News, the affected functionally allows users to upload a new version with any file extension for any existing file on the cloud storage, even with a malicious executable. As shown in the demo videos—which Nikoci shared exclusively with The Hacker News—in doing so, a legitimate version of the file that's already been shared among a group of users can be replaced by a malicious file, which when previewed online doesn't indicate newly made changes or raise any alarm, but when downloaded can be employed to infect targeted systems.


What is Microsoft's MeTAOS?

MeTAOS/Taos is not an OS in the way we currently think of Windows or Linux. It's more of a layer that Microsoft wants to evolve to harness the user data in the substrate to make user experiences and user-facing apps smarter and more proactive.  A job description for a Principal Engineering Manager for Taos mentions the foundational layer: "We aspire to create a platform on top of that foundation - one oriented around people and the work they want to do rather than our devices, apps, and technologies. This vision has the potential to define the future of Microsoft 365 and make a dramatic impact on the entire industry." A related SharePoint/MeTA job description adds some additional context: "We are excited about transforming our customers into 'AI natives,' where technology augments their ability to achieve more with the files, web pages, news, and other content that people need to get their task done efficiently by providing them timely and actionable notifications that understands their intents, context and adapts to their work habits." In short, MeTAOS/Taos could be the next step along the Office 365 substrate path. Microsoft officials haven't said a lot publicly about the substrate, but it's basically a set of storage and other services at the heart of Office 365. 


What Organizations Need to Know About IoT Supply Chain Risk

When it comes to IoT, IT, and OT devices, there is no software bill of materials (SBOM), though there have been some industry calls for one. That means the manufacturer has no obligation to disclose to you what components make up a device. When a typical device or software vulnerability is disclosed, an organization can fairly easily use tools such as device visibility and asset management to find and patch vulnerable devices on its network. However, without a standard requirement to disclose what components are under the hood, it can be extremely difficult to even identify what manufacturers or devices may be affected by a supply chain vulnerability like Ripple20 unless the vendor confirms it. For organizations, this challenge means pressing manufacturers for information on components when making purchasing decisions. While it is not realistic to solely base every purchasing decision based on security, the nature of these supply chain challenges demand at least gaining information in order to make the best risk calculus. What makes supply chain risk unique is that one vulnerability can affect many types of devices. 



Quote for the day:

"Learning is a lifetime process, but there comes a time when we must stop adding and start updating." -- Robert Braul

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